Which of the following is an example of a hostile work environment violation?

A hostile work environment violation occurs when an individual's work environment becomes intimidating, hostile, or abusive due to the behavior of others, and this behavior is often related to protected characteristics such as race, gender, or sexual orientation. Lasting demeaning behavior based on race exemplifies this violation because it demonstrates a consistent pattern of conduct that adversely affects an individual's ability to perform their job and creates a painful or uncomfortable atmosphere. Such actions undermine the dignity of the employee and create an environment that violates workplace policies and laws against discrimination.

In contrast, frequent constructive criticism, occasional disagreements in meetings, and team members discussing opinions openly do not typically create a hostile work environment. These behaviors can be part of healthy workplace dynamics and communication, aimed at improving performance or fostering different viewpoints. However, they do not involve sustained, demeaning treatment targeted at an individual based on their identity, which is central to the definition of a hostile work environment.